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Digital Image Correlation, DIC technology, DIC working principle, 3D full-field strain measurement, optical strain measurement, digital speckle pattern, image processing technology, XTDIC system, material mechanics deformation, non-contact strain mea

An Introduction to Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and Its Working Principles

Date:2025-03-27

The XTOP3D DIC full-field strain measurement system utilizes Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technology—an optical method for measuring mechanical strain in materials, also known in the industry as DIC image processing technology. This method tracks the deformation of a speckle pattern on an object's surface and calculates changes in the grayscale values within the speckle region to derive data on surface deformation and strain. Depending on the speckle imaging method and the nature of the calculated results, DIC is categorized into 2D DIC and 3D DIC.

Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technology emerged in the 1980s, initially finding primary application in 2D strain analysis. Since the turn of the 21st century, 3D full-field strain measurement technology has gradually been developed. The Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology at the School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, was the first team in China to develop this technology and bring it to commercial application. The core members of XTOP3D hail from this R&D team and possess fully independent intellectual property rights regarding 3D full-field strain measurement. Regarding product branding, the team's "XJTUDIC 3D Digital Speckle Dynamic Strain and Deformation Measurement System" has been renamed the "XTDIC 3D Full-Field Strain Measurement System." In its current commercial operations, XTOP3D’s XTDIC system closely aligns with the needs of various industries, undergoing continuous product refinement while providing customers with customized measurement solutions.


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  • XTOP3D participated in the 3rd Symposium on Mechanical Testing Methods and Technologies for Micro-specimens, showcasing its 3D microscopic strain measurement system and demonstrating its applications in areas such as mechanical property testing of materials at the mesoscale, as well as thermal (warpage and CTE measurement) and mechanical deformation analysis of semiconductor devices.
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  • XTOP3D has been invited to exhibit at the Chinese Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics 2025, where it will showcase the XTDIC 3D full-field strain measurement system and its applications in areas such as static load testing, dynamic fatigue testing, and 3D deformation and strain measurement. DIC technology provides researchers with reliable experimental data for studying the mechanical properties of various materials and structures.
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  • This article highlights the application of XTOP3D’s XTDIC-SPARK 3D high-speed measurement system in explosion mechanics and high-strain-rate impact testing. It focuses on three typical application scenarios: Analysis of transient deformation and displacement curves during high-speed armor-piercing projectile impact; Full-field strain monitoring with high spatiotemporal resolution during Hopkinson Bar impact tests; Quantitative analysis of transient crack evolution and propagation behavior in materials during high-speed compression tests. Key technical breakthroughs include achieving sub-pixel measurement accuracy under conditions of ultra-high speeds, short time windows, and severe deformation, as well as overcoming challenges related to the acquisition of specialized speckle patterns.
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